Modificări ale profilurilor hormonale în timpul pregătirii competiționale la sportivi

Scop: Atleții se angajează într-o pregătire riguroasă pentru competiție, care implică o restricție intensă de energie și antrenament fizic pentru a îmbunătăți definirea mușchilor. Acest studiu investighează modificările hormonale și impactul lor fiziologic și de performanță în timpul unei astfel de pregătiri.

Metode: Participanții au inclus atleți de sex feminin (10 concurente (COMP) și 10 controale fără regim (CTRL)) și bărbați (13 COMP și 10 CTRL). Participanții la COMP au fost testați cu 23 de săptămâni înainte (PRE), cu o săptămână înainte (MID) și cu 23 de săptămâni după competiție (POST). Participanții CTRL care nu țineau diete au fost testați la intervale similare.

Măsurătorile au inclus compoziția corporală (DXA), aria secțiunii transversale a mușchilor (ultrasunete), disponibilitatea energiei (EA) derivată prin scăderea cheltuielilor de energie pentru exerciții (EEE) din aportul de energie (EI) și împărțirea la masa fără grăsimi (FFM), puterea musculară și diferite concentrații de hormoni seric (ACTH, cortizol, estradiol, FSH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulină, testosteron liber și total și SHBG).

Rezultate: În timpul dietei, EA (p < 0,001), IGF-1 (p < 0,001), IGFBP-3 (p < 0,01) și puterea musculară absolută (p < 0,01-0,001) au scăzut semnificativ la ambele sexe în COMP. Scăderile IGF-1 au fost, de asemenea, asociate cu pierderi mai mari în FFM. La bărbați, testosteronul (p < 0,01) și testosteronul liber (p < 0,05) au scăzut, în timp ce SHBG (p < 0,001) și cortizolul (p < 0,05) au crescut.

Insulina a scăzut semnificativ doar la bărbați (p < 0,001). Tulburările de dispoziție, în special oboseala crescută la bărbați (p < 0,05), au evidențiat tensiunea psihologică a pregătirii pentru competiție. Toate aceste modificări au fost restabilite prin creșterea EA în perioada de recuperare post-competiție.

Concluzie: Reducerile semnificative ale IGF-1 și IGFBP-3 în timpul pregătirii competiției pot servi ca biomarkeri pentru monitorizarea stresului fiziologic. Acest studiu oferă informații valoroase despre schimbările hormonale, forța musculară și starea de spirit în timpul antrenamentelor intense cu restricții energetice.

Adaptare Bitanu-Alexandru

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