Dieta ketogenică

Nutritie /

Declarație: Societatea Internațională de Nutriție Sportivă (ISSN) oferă o analiză obiectivă și critică a utilizării unei diete ketogenice la adulții sănătoși care fac exerciții fizice, cu accent pe performanța la exerciții fizice și compoziția corporală. Cu toate acestea, această revizuire nu abordează utilizarea suplimentelor de cetone exogene. Următoarele puncte sintetizează poziția ISSN.

  1. O dietă ketogenă induce o stare de cetoză nutrițională, care este, în general, definită ca niveluri de cetone serice peste 0,5 mM. În timp ce mulți factori pot influența cantitatea zilnică de carbohidrați care va duce la aceste niveluri, un ghid general este un aport zilnic de carbohidrați de mai puțin de 50 de grame pe zi.

2. Ketoza nutrițională obținută prin restricție de carbohidrați și un aport alimentar ridicat de grăsimi nu este intrinsec dăunătoare și nu trebuie confundată cu cetoacidoza, o afecțiune care pune viața în pericol cel mai frecvent întâlnită în populațiile clinice și dereglarea metabolică.

3. O dietă ketogenă are efecte în mare măsură neutre sau dăunătoare asupra performanței atletice în comparație cu o dietă bogată în carbohidrați și săracă în grăsimi, în ciuda faptului că atinge niveluri semnificativ crescute de oxidare a grăsimilor în timpul exercițiilor fizice (~1,5 g/min).

4. Efectele de rezistență ale unei diete ketogenice pot fi influențate atât de statutul de antrenament, cât și de durata intervenției alimentare, dar sunt necesare cercetări suplimentare pentru a elucida aceste posibilități. Toate studiile care au implicat sportivi de elită au arătat o scădere a performanței de la o dietă ketogenă, toate cu durata de șase săptămâni sau mai puțin. Dintre cele două studii care au durat mai mult de șase săptămâni, doar unul a raportat un beneficiu semnificativ statistic al unei diete ketogenice.

5. O dietă ketogenă tinde să aibă efecte similare asupra forței maxime sau a câștigurilor de forță dintr-un program de antrenament de rezistență în comparație cu o dietă bogată în carbohidrați. Cu toate acestea, o minoritate de studii arată efecte superioare ale comparatorilor non-cetogeni.

6. În comparație cu o dietă mai bogată în carbohidrați și săracă în grăsimi, o dietă cetogenă poate provoca pierderi mai mari în greutate corporală, masă grasă și masă lipsită de grăsimi, dar poate crește și pierderile de țesut slab. Cu toate acestea, acest lucru se datorează probabil diferențelor în aportul de calorii și proteine, precum și schimbărilor în echilibrul fluidelor.

7. Nu există dovezi suficiente pentru a determina dacă o dietă ketogenă afectează diferit bărbații și femeile. Cu toate acestea, există o bază mecanică puternică pentru ca diferențele in functie de sex să existe ca răspuns la o dietă ketogenă.

Declarație privind conflictul de interese

Toți autorii declară că nu au interese concurente în ceea ce privește acest document.

BIC a primit granturi și contracte pentru a efectua cercetări privind suplimentele alimentare; a servit ca consultant plătit pentru industrie; a primit onorari pentru că a vorbit la conferințe și a scris articole laice despre ingrediente și subiecte de nutriție sportivă; este membru al International Protein Board care diseminează cunoștințele despre proteine ​​și produse proteice; a servit ca martor expert în numele reclamantului și apărare în cauze care implică suplimente alimentare; și primește compensație pentru scrierea și furnizarea de servicii educaționale legate de exerciții fizice și subiecte legate de nutriție.

AL a servit ca consultant plătit în industria suplimentelor și primește compensații pentru scrierea de materiale educaționale legate de sănătatea generală și nutriția.

TMS și CJM sunt acționari și fac parte din consiliul consultativ științific al Outplay Inc., care cercetează administrarea transdermică de medicamente și nutrienți.

JAR face parte din consiliul consultativ științific al Applied Behavior Systems Ltd.

STS a servit ca expert științific plătit în industria suplimentelor, dar nu are COI cu privire la această lucrare; ea nu are niciun conflict financiar de interese cu dietele ketogenice sau cu produsele cetonice.

SMA a primit granturi pentru cercetarea suplimentelor alimentare, a servit ca consultant plătit pentru industrie și a primit onorari pentru a vorbi la conferințe despre ingredientele și subiectele nutriției sportive.

DD este un inventator al brevetelor USF legate de aplicațiile cetozei terapeutice, consilier al Levels Health și coproprietar al Ketone Technologies LLC, care face cercetări, consultanță și evenimente de vorbire în public.

JRS a primit granturi și contracte pentru cercetarea suplimentelor alimentare, a servit ca consultant plătit pentru industrie și a primit onorari pentru că a vorbit la conferințe și a scris articole despre ingredientele și subiectele nutriției sportive.

CMK a primit finanțare din studiile de nutriție pentru a efectua studii științifice legate de exerciții fizice și nutriție și în prezent servește în calitate de consultanță și consiliere pentru diferite mărci de suplimente alimentare sau producători care vând produse legate de articolele discutate în această lucrare.

El nu a primit nicio finanțare de la aceste companii ca parte a acestei lucrări.

RBK a efectuat cercetări finanțate prin granturi și prin contract cu privire la suplimentele nutriționale acordate universităților cu care a fost afiliat, a primit un onorariu pentru realizarea de prezentări științifice și a servit ca expert științific plătit. Nu are niciun conflict financiar de interese cu dietele ketogenice sau cu produsele cetonice.

MJO a primit granturi și contracte de la companii care produc suplimente alimentare și a fost numit în consiliul consultativ științific al unor companii de exerciții și nutriție.

JA este CEO al Societății Internaționale de Nutriție Sportivă, o organizație nonprofit 501c3, care primește sprijin de la o varietate de companii din categoria nutriție sportivă.

By. Bitanu-Alexandru

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